By: Tarmo Joeveer On September 1, 2020, Facebook announced that it had removed a “network of fake accounts and pages” based on a tip from the FBI.[1] The network of 13 fake accounts and two pages was one of a dozen operations tied to the Russian Internet Research Agency that was involved in meddling with […]

By: Anjoly Ibrahim  The United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (“Convention”) has approximately 163 State parties, including 158 of the 193 United Nations Member States.[1] It does not seek to impose upon contracting States obligations or limit pre-existing freedoms; but simply hopes to facilitate the recognition of arbitral awards […]

By: Anjoly Ibrahim International human rights law, through regional and international treaties, prohibits hate speech. For example, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) Article 20(2) states that “any advocacy of national, racial, or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence shall be prohibited by law.”[1] One-hundred and seventy-three countries […]

By: Melanie Ng The actions of one State definitely impact others. Regarding COVID-19, States have employed various approaches to slow the spread of the virus: some methods have proven more “successful” than others (depending, of course, on how success is calculated). But could the U.S.’ actions regarding unfounded COVID-19 treatment punishable under international law? According […]